A common, non-cancerous growth on the eye’s surface that can cause discomfort or affect vision if left untreated.
Introduction and Overview
A pterygium is a raised, wedge-shaped growth of tissue on the conjunctiva (the clear membrane covering the white of the eye) that can extend toward the cornea. It is usually whitish or pinkish in colour and may contain visible blood vessels. Pterygia are non-cancerous, but they can cause discomfort, affect vision, and sometimes require surgical removal. Occasionally, pterygia have an a-typical appearance and need to be biopsied and excised as rarely they turn out to be malignant.
More information via RANZCO.
Causes and Symptoms of Pterygium (Surfer’s Eye)
Causes and Risk Factors
Pterygium is linked to long-term exposure to environmental irritants, particularly ultraviolet (UV) light. Risk factors include:
- Prolonged sun exposure
- Dry, windy, or dusty conditions
- Chronic eye irritation
- Outdoor occupations or lifestyles without adequate eye protection
Wearing UV-blocking sunglasses and hats can help reduce the risk.
Symptoms of Pterygia
Some pterygia cause no symptoms and are found during routine eye examinations. When symptoms occur, they may include:
- Redness or inflammation
- Irritation or a gritty sensation in the eye
- Dryness or watery eyes
- Blurred vision if the growth encroaches on the cornea
- Cosmetic concerns due to appearance
Diagnosis and Treatment of Pterygium
Diagnosis
An ophthalmologist can diagnose a pterygium with a slit-lamp examination. Regular monitoring may be recommended to track growth and detect any effect on vision.
Treatment
- Observation: If the pterygium is small and symptom-free, treatment may not be necessary, but regular eye checks are advised.
- Medical treatment: Artificial tears, lubricating ointments, or anti-inflammatory eye drops may be prescribed for irritation.
- Surgical removal: Recommended if the pterygium is growing toward the cornea, affecting vision, causing persistent discomfort, or for cosmetic reasons. Surgical techniques aim to minimise the risk of recurrence, which can range from 2% to 15%.
FAQ and Resources
Below you’ll find answers to common questions about pterygium, along with trusted resources for further information and support.
Is a pterygium cancerous?
No, a pterygium is benign. However, it can affect vision if it grows over the cornea.
Will pterygium go away on its own?
No, it will not resolve without surgery, but some remain small and symptom-free for many years.
What is the risk of recurrence after surgery?
While recurrence is possible, newer surgical methods and post-operative care have reduced recurrence rates significantly.
Further resources
There is more information available via RANZCO and Better Health
Clinical Disclaimer
The information provided on this page is for general educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Every individual’s condition is unique, and the details presented here may not apply to your personal situation. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider regarding any questions or concerns you have about your health or treatment options. Reliance on this information is solely at your own risk.