Assessment and treatment options for congenital and acquired nystagmus.
Introduction and Overview
Nystagmus is a condition where the eyes move involuntarily in a repetitive pattern. These movements may be horizontal, vertical, or circular and can occur from birth (congenital nystagmus) or develop later in life (acquired nystagmus). While nystagmus itself is not life-threatening, it may affect vision, balance and quality of life. In acquired cases nystagmu can be linked to underlying eye, neurological or vestibular conditions.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Common symptoms include:
- Shaky or blurred vision (oscillopsia)
- Difficulty focusing
- Sensitivity to light or poor night vision
- Dizziness or balance problems
- Abnormal head posture to improve clarity
Diagnosis is made through a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, sometimes alongside neurological or ear, nose and throat (ENT) investigations. Additional testing may include eye-movement recordings, retinal and optic nerve imaging, or neuroimaging (CT/MRI) if an underlying systemic cause is suspected.
Management and Treatment of Nystagmus
There is no single cure for nystagmus, but treatment can reduce its impact. Options may include:
- Glasses or contact lenses to optimise vision (sometimes prism lenses are used)
- Treatment of an underlying cause if identified (e.g. inner ear or neurological condition)
- Medications such as gabapentin or baclofen in selected cases
- Eye muscle surgery in certain patients, to reduce abnormal head posture or improve the null point of vision
- Low vision support and rehabilitation services to assist with daily tasks
Nystagmus Resources via Vision Australia
You can explore nystagmus symptoms, support strategies and adaptive tools via Vision Australia via the button below, or download their factsheet here.
Clinical Disclaimer
The information provided on this page is for general educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Every individual’s condition is unique, and the details presented here may not apply to your personal situation. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider regarding any questions or concerns you have about your health or treatment options. Reliance on this information is solely at your own risk.